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Fijian (') is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken in Fiji. It has 450,000 first-language speakers, which is more than half the population of Fiji, but another 200,000 speak it as a second language. The 1997 Constitution established Fijian as an official language of Fiji, along with English and Hindustani, and there is discussion about establishing it as the "national language", though English and Hindustani would remain official. Fijian is a VOS language.〔() WALS - Fijian〕 Standard Fijian is based on the language of Bau, which is an East Fijian language. ==Phonology== The consonant phonemes of Fijian are as shown in the following table: The consonant written has been described as a prenasalized trill or trilled fricative . However, it is only rarely pronounced with a trilled release; the primary feature distinguishing it from is that it is postalveolar, , rather than dental/alveolar.〔 p 122, 131. The authors use the transcription , where the sub-dot is their convention for a postalveolar stop that is not prototypically retroflex.〕 The sounds and occur only in loanwords from other languages. The sounds and only occur for speakers from certain regions of the country. Note the asymmetry between the fricative pairs: bilabial vs. labiodental , and dental vs. alveolar . The vowel phonemes are: In addition, there is the rising diphthong . Syllables can consist of a consonant followed by a vowel (CV) or a single vowel (V).〔Dixon 1988:15.〕 Word stress is based on moras; a short vowel counts as one mora, diphthongs and long vowels count as two moras. Primary word stress then goes to the penultimate mora of the phonological word. That is, if the last syllable of a word is short, then the penultimate syllable will be stressed. If the last syllable consists of either a long vowel or a diphthong, the last syllable receives primary stress. That is, stress is on the penultimate mora. Stress is not lexical and can shift when suffixes are attached to the root. Examples: *Stress on the penultimate syllable (final short vowel): ''síga'', "day"; *Stress on the final syllable (diphthong): ''cauravóu'', "youth" (the stress extends over the whole diphthong). *Stress shift: ''rábe'', "kick" → ''rabé-ta'', "kick-TR"〔Dixon 1988:17〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fijian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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